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Analysis on shear capacity of prestressed concrete spatial connections

XUE Weichen, LIU Zhenyong, JIANG Dongsheng

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 309-317 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0052-4

摘要： Based on experimental results of prestressed concrete spatial connections, nonlinear finite element models were established to analyze the shear capacity of spatial connections and parametric studies were performed using ANSYS. It is found that the shear capacity of spatial connection is influenced by joint hoop, beam prestress, column compressive load, and direction of resultant shear force. The parametric studies also indicate that the shear capacity of spatial connection under biaxial cyclic loading is lower than that of corresponding connections under plane loading. A design formula for calculating the shear capacity of spatial connections is proposed based on the parametric studies and verified by the available test results.

关键词： available direction nonlinear capacity compressive

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Dynamic simulation of urban water metabolism under water environmental carrying capacity restrictions

Weihua ZENG,Bo WU,Ying CHAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 114-128 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0669-6

摘要： A revised concept for urban water metabolism (UWM) is presented in this study to address the inadequacies in current research on UWM and the problems associated with the traditional urban water metabolic process. Feedback loops can be analyzed to increase the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) of the new urban water metabolism system (UWMS) over that of a traditional UWMS. An analysis of the feedback loops of an UWMS was used to construct a system dynamics (SD) model for the system under a WECC restriction. Water metabolic processes were simulated for different scenarios using the Tongzhou District in Beijing as an example. The results for the newly developed UWM case showed that a water environment of Tongzhou District could support a population of 1.1926 × 10 , an irrigation area of 375.521 km , a livestock of 0.7732 × 10 , and an industrial value added of ¥193.14 × 10 (i.e. about US$28.285× 10 ) in 2020. A sensitivity analysis showed that the WECC could be improved to some extent by constructing new sewage treatment facilities or by expanding the current sewage treatment facilities, using reclaimed water and improving the water circulation system.

关键词： urban water metabolism system (UWMS) system dynamic simulation water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) feedback loops bilateral control

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Using a systems modeling approach to improve soil management and soil quality

Enli WANG, Di HE, Zhigan ZHAO, Chris J. SMITH, Ben C. T. MACDONALD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 289-295 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020337

摘要：

Soils provide the structural support, water and nutrients for plants in nature and are considered to be the foundation of agriculture production. Improving soil quality and soil health has been advocated as the goal of soil management toward sustainable agricultural intensification. There have been renewed efforts to define and quantify soil quality and soil health but establishing a consensus on the key indicators remains difficult. It is argued that such difficulties are due to the former ways of thinking in soil management which largely focus on soil properties alone. A systems approach that treats soils as a key component of agricultural production systems is promoted. It is argued that soil quality must be quantified in terms of crop productivity and impacts on ecosystems services that are also strongly driven by climate and management interventions. A systems modeling approach captures the interactions among climate, soil, crops and management, and their impacts on system performance, thus helping to quantify the value and quality of soils. Here, three examples are presented to demonstrate this. In this systems context, soil management must be an integral part of systems management practices that also include managing the crops and cropping systems under specific climatic conditions, with cognizance of future climate change.

关键词： APSIM available water capacity nitrogen management soil functional properties soil health soil-plant modeling

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Scenario-based assessment and multi-objective optimization of urban development plan with carrying capacityof water system

Yilei Lu, Yunqing Huang, Siyu Zeng, Can Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1200-x

摘要： Impact of urban development on water system is assessed with carrying capacity. Impacts on both water resource quantity and environmental quality are involved. Multi-objective optimization revealing system trade-off facilitate the regulation. Efficiency, scale and structure of urban development are regulated in two stages. A roadmap approaching more sustainable development is provided for the case city. Environmental impact assessments and subsequent regulation measures of urban development plans are critical to human progress toward sustainability, since these plans set the scale and structure targets of future socioeconomic development. A three-step methodology for assessing and optimizing an urban development plan focusing on its impacts on the water system was developed. The methodology first predicted the pressure on the water system caused by implementation of the plan under distinct scenarios, then compared the pressure with the carrying capacity threshold to verify the system status; finally, a multi-objective optimization method was used to propose regulation solutions. The methodology enabled evaluation of the water system carrying state, taking socioeconomic development uncertainties into account, and multiple sets of improvement measures under different decisionmaker preferences were generated. The methodology was applied in the case of Zhoushan city in South-east China. The assessment results showed that overloading problems occurred in 11 out of the 13 zones in Zhoushan, with the potential pressure varying from 1.1 to 18.3 times the carrying capacity. As a basic regulation measure, an environmental efficiency upgrade could relieve the overloading in 4 zones and reduce 9%‒63% of the pressure. The optimization of industrial development showed that the pressure could be controlled under the carrying capacity threshold if the planned scale was reduced by 24% and the industrial structure was transformed. Various regulation schemes including a more suitable scale and structure with necessary efficiency standards are provided for decisionmakers that can help the case city approach a more sustainable development pattern.

关键词： Urban development plan Urban water system Carrying capacity Scenario analysis Multi-objective optimization

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流域水生态承载力理论与优化调控模型方法

彭文启

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 33-43

摘要：

流域管理正在从环境及资源的单一要素管理向流域水生态系统综合管理转变，流域水生态承载力是流域水生态系统综合管理的基本理论。针对流域水生态完整性保护管理需求，建立了流域水生态承载力概念模型，提出了流域水生态承载力概念，揭示其“分区、分期”属性和“量、质、序”递进综合约束作用等基本内涵，通过分析其优化调控特性及优化调控关键变量，建立了流域水生态承载力分区耦合概念模型，形成了基于系统动力学方法的流域水生态承载力分区分期耦合模型方法，并以辽河太子河流域为例，进行了实例应用。

关键词：流域水生态承载力优化调控模型

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Permitted emissions of major air pollutants from coal-fired power plants in China based on best available

Xiaohui Song, Chunlai Jiang, Yu Lei, Yuezhi Zhong, Yanchao Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1065-4

摘要：

We proposed the SO₂ and NO_xemission performance standards for coal-fired power plants based on the best available control technology.

The CFPGUs’ SO₂ emission performance reference values should be 0.34 g/kWh for active units in general areas and 0.13 g/kWh for newly built units and active units in key areas.

The CFPGUs’ NO_x emission performance standard reference values should be 0.35 g/kWh for active units in general areas and 0.175 g/kWh for new units and active units in key areas.

关键词： Coal-fired power-generating units (CFPGU) Emission performance Best available control technology

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基于系统动力学仿真模拟评价武汉市水资源承载力

陈威,周铖

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第3期页码 103-107

摘要：

水资源承载力对一个国家或地区的经济增长、社会进步有着至关重要的影响，是水科学与系统科学交叉研究的热点。以武汉市为例，采用系统动力学方法将水资源子系统、经济子系统、社会子系统、生态环境子系统、水污染子系统进行有机结合，建立仿真模型，并用密切值法对所得指标值进行综合分析评价。最终得到了《武汉市国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年总体规划纲要》实施过程中的最佳方案。

关键词：水资源承载力密切值法系统动力学评价

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Investigation on available wind energy at Tungku beach

M. G. YAZDANI, M. A. SALAM

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 275-279 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0194-x

摘要： In this paper, wind velocities and directions (sea and land) are recorded in different days and times. The data collected were compared with the weather data from the Brunei Darussalam Meteorological Service (BDMS) and the findings of other researchers and were found to be in good agreement. The potential of wind energy is predicted from the available data collected. The average generated power (forenoon and afternoon) is found to be 25 (mean) and 18 W (median), 101 (mean) and 73 W (median), 912 (mean) and 660 W (median), 10137 (mean) and 7331 W (median) for a rotor with a diameter of 2.5, 5, 15 and 50 m, respectively. The power density for wind farming is found to be 0.26 (mean) and 0.19 (median), 0.31 (mean) and 0.22 (median) for the rotor whose diameter is 2.5 and 50 m, respectively, while the average values are found to be 0.28 (mean) and 0.2 (median) for the rotor whose diameter is 5 and 15 m.

关键词： wind velocity temperature tower height power density Raleigh distribution electrical power

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Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: An important source of per- and

Mehvish Mumtaz, Yixiang Bao, Wenchao Li, Lingxiao Kong, Jun Huang, Gang Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1145-0

摘要： Kendrick mass defect was used for PFASs screening in textile finishing agents (TFAs). Total oxidizable precursor assay provides insight into unknown precursors. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was found as impurity in short ECF technology based TFAs. Perfluorooctanoate was also detected in C6 telomerization based TFAs. Long chain precursors were also observed in both types of TFAs. Organofluorinated surfactants are widely employed in textile finishing agents (TFAs) to achieve oil, water, and stain repellency. This has been regarded as an important emission source of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the environment. China is the biggest manufacturer of clothes, and thus TFA production is also a relevant industrial activity. Nevertheless, to date, no survey has been conducted on PFAS contents in commercially available TFAs. In the present study, TFA products were investigated by the Kendrick mass defect method. The quantification results demonstrated a significant presence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (0.37 mg/L) in TFAs manufactured by electrochemical fluorination technology. The products obtained by short-chain PFAS-based telomerization were dominated by perfluorooctanoic acid (mean concentration: 0.29 mg/L), whose values exceeded the limits stated in the European Chemical Agency guidelines (0.025 mg/L). Moreover, the total oxidizable precursor assay indicated high levels of indirectly quantified precursors with long alkyl chains (C7–C9). Together, these results suggest that there is currently a certain of environmental and health risks in China that originates from the utilization of TFAs, and a better manufacturing processes are required to reduce such risks.

关键词： Textile finishing agents Kendrick mass defect Total oxidizable precursor assay

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properties of a silver particle-coated and 1-dodecanethiol-modified superhydrophobic melamine sponge for oil/water

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期页码 1237-1246 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2140-8

摘要： A Ag particle-coated and 1-dodecanethiol-modified melamine sponge (Ag-DDT-MS) was prepared through surface roughness by coating silver particles and subsequent grafting of a hydrophobic long hydrocarbon chain. Superhydrophobic and 3D porous Ag-DDT-MS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The water contact angle of Ag-DDT-MS reached 159.2°. Ag-DDT-MS exhibited excellent absorption capacity for high viscous oils and organic solvents, ranging from 42.8 to 105.2 g∙g⁻¹. The absorbed oils can be easily collected by the mechanical pressing process, and the oil recovery rate was satisfactory, more than 90% after 20 recycles. Ag-DDT-MS material also demonstrated good stability and excellent compression-recovery ability, keeping 88.6% of the initial height after ten compression-release cycles.

关键词： melamine sponge oil-absorbing material hydrophobic oil-water separation oil absorption capacity

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Lithium-ion modified cellulose as a water-soluble binder for Li-O battery

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 502-508 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0750-3

摘要： An environment-friendly, water-soluble, and cellulose based binder (lithium carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC-Li) was successfully synthesized by using Li⁺ to replace Na⁺ in the commercial sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). Li-O₂ batteries based on the CMC-Li binder present enhanced discharge specific capacities (11151 mA·h/g at 100 mA/g) and a superior cycling stability (100 cycles at 200 mA/g) compared with those based on the CMC-Na binder. The enhanced performance may originate from the electrochemical stability of the CMC-Li binder and the ion-conductive nature of CMC-Li, which promotes the diffusion of Li⁺ in the cathode and consequently retards the increase of charge transfer resistance of the cathode during cycling. The results show that the water-soluble CMC-Li binder can be a green substitute for poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder based on organic solvent in the lithium oxygen batteries (LOBs).

关键词： cellulose binder specific capacity cyclabi- lity lithium-oxygen batteries

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水资源缺乏地区地表水环境承载现状研究——以京津冀和西北五省（自治区）为例

温胜芳,单保庆,马静,邓伟

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第4期页码 88-96 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.014

摘要：

本研究以主体功能区划作为控制单元进行划分，以水功能区纳污能力作为环境容量基础数据，结合国家环境保护部污染物排放统计数据，分析京津冀和西北五省（自治区）的不同主体功能区的地表水环境容量超载情况。结果显示，在水资源缺乏的京津冀和西北五省（自治区）地区，其重点开发区的氨氮排放入河量均已超出水环境容量，城镇生活污水排放是水环境氨氮容量超载的主要贡献因子。对于农产品主产区和重点生态功能区，京津冀地区水环境的化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮排放量普遍超载，而西北五省（自治区）还有19%~73%的水环境容量剩余。不同主体功能区的环境和产业政策取决于主体功能区的类型和水环境容量的超载情况。

关键词：水资源缺乏区；环境容量；主体功能区；超载程度

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Industrial Structure Adjustment of Shaanxi Province under the Limited Water Resources Condition

Xiao-jun Liu,Zhen-yu Guo,Chao Ding,Han-liang Fu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 378-384 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014057

摘要： Shaanxi Province is a region poor of water resources in China, and the lack of water resources is becoming a key factor which restricts the social and economic development of Shaanxi Province. In the perspective of efficient utilization of water resources, Shaanxi Province is committed to the transformation of the economic growth and the industrial structure, and treats these measures as important guarantees for the future development of Shaanxi Province. This paper focuses on building multi-objective programming model of industrial structure optimization under the limited water resources condition, indicates the direction of the industrial transformation and water consumption structural adjustment by solving the model, and furthermore points out the key factors that affect the development of Shaanxi Province in the future. Finally, the authors give some advices of promoting the reasonable and effective utilization of water resources of Shaanxi Province.

关键词： water resources capacity of water resources industrial transformation multi-objective programming

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Experimental research on dynamic operating characteristics of a novel silica gel-water adsorption chiller

WANG Dechang, WU Jingyi, WANG Ruzhu, DOU Weidong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 347-351 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0052-4

摘要： A novel silica gel-water adsorption chiller consisting of two adsorption/desorption chambers and an evaporator with one heat-pipe working chamber is experimentally studied. The dynamic operating characteristics of the chiller and the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorber are obtained. The experimental results show that the dynamic operating characteristics of the chiller and the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorber are satisfactory and that the cycle is a novel and effective adsorption cycle. A mass recovery process increases the cyclic adsorption capacity of the system and improves adaptability of the chiller to a low-grade heat source. In addition, the experiment indicates that this novel chiller is highly suitable for an air conditioning system with a low dehumidification requirement or a system with a large cycle flowrate and an industrial cooling water system.

关键词： satisfactory suitable recovery adsorption capacity thermodynamic

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电解锰行业污染防治最佳可行技术评估及污染减排潜力

李旭华,方刚,党春阁,于秀玲

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 56-61

摘要：

电解锰行业废水排放量大，污染物浓度高，属于高污染行业，是我国实现污染物控制减排的主要威胁之一。通过对电解锰行业污染防治现状进行分析，构建了污染防治技术评估指标体系，利用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重，利用综合评价值法对电解锰行业污染防治技术进行了评估。在此基础上，利用自底向上模型对评估出的最佳可行技术的污染减排潜力进行预测。结果表明，与基准年2010年相比，2015年电解锰行业废水排放总量可削减270多万吨，氨氮减排6.6×104 t，减排回收的锰和重铬酸钾可分别达到1.9×105 t和3.747×107 t，锰渣减排4×106 t；同时也表明清洁生产技术减排的能力高于末端治理技术减排，清洁生产技术具有较大的推广普及潜力。

关键词：电解锰污染防治最佳可行技术减排潜力